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- Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the most common cause of foodborne illness, with a societal cost of $60 billion and 219,000 deaths/year.
- Norovirus is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea.
- HuNoVs are non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense, RNA viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family.
- The lack of robust small animal models has significantly created difficulties in understanding the norovirus biology and the development of effective therapeutics.
- Zebrafish is a small freshwater fish that is an extensively studied vertebrate model organism.
- It can be bred rapidly in large numbers, is amenable to genetics, and has a clear embryo, making it attractive to study vertebrate development, physiology and disease.
- A study report that HuNoV GI and GII replicate to high titers in zebrafish larvae.
- Replication peaks at day 2 post infection and is detectable for at least 6 days.
- The virus (HuNoV GII.4) could be moved through from larva to larva two consecutive times.
- HuNoV is detected in cells of the hematopoietic lineage and the intestine, supporting the notion of a dual tropism.
- Hematopoietic stem cells are the stem cells that give rise to other blood cells.
- Tropism refers to the growth response in a non-motile organism elicited by an external stimulus, and either toward the stimulus or away from it.
- Antiviral treatment reduces HuNoV replication by >2 log10, showing that this model is suited for antiviral studies.
- Zebrafish larvae constitute a simple and robust replication model that will largely facilitate studies of human norovirus biology and the development of antiviral strategies.
Sources:
http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008009
https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/index.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6410082/
https://www.nature.com/subjects/zebrafish
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tropism
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The Chromoscience uses AI-assisted tools to support the preparation and editing of science articles. Content is reviewed by the editor for clarity and consistency with the cited research before publication. Readers are encouraged to consult the original scientific publications for complete findings, methods, and limitations.
