The Chromoscience

Early Development of IgG Antibody in Severe COVID-19 Infection

Benison P. Zerrudo
1–2 minutes

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Concentrations of serum IgG (AU/ml) over time in patients with severe (A, red) and mild (B, blue) disease. Image Source: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241104

  • To accurately interpret COVID-19 surveys related to positive results, it is important to learn the knowledge of serum-IgG responses to COVID-19 virus with a better understanding of patients who do not develop antibody.
  • The research aimed to describe serum-IgG responses to COVID-19 virus in a group of patients with both severe and mild cases of COVID-19.
  • The research includes extended analyses of patients who do not develop specific antibodies for more than 90 days after symptoms begun.
  • SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody levels were quantified using two clinically validated and widely used commercial serological assays.
  • The assays detected antibodies against the spike and nucleocapsid proteins.
  • Forty-seven patients with an average age of 49 years were included.
  • Of all the patients, 38% are female.
  • All patients with severe symptoms and most of the patients with mild symptoms of COVID-19 developed SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies in serum.
  • The time it takes for the antibody to be detected is significantly shorter in patients with severe compared to mild symptoms.
  • Three patients without detectable IgG-responses after 90 days were observed and all had detectable virus-neutralizing antibodies.
  • From the three patients, two had spike-protein receptor binding domain-specific IgG was detected with an in-house assay.
  • Antibody titers were preserved during follow-up and all patients who developed antibody, regardless of the severity of symptoms, still had detectable IgG levels after 75 days after symptoms begun.
  • Patients with severe COVID-19 both develop antibody earlier and develop higher concentrations of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG compared to patients with mild symptoms.
  • Patients who not develop detectable IgG antibodies have detectable virus-neutralizing antibodies.
  • The results show that not all COVID-19 patients develop detectable IgG antibody, and are vital for the interpretation of COVID-19 seroprevalence surveys.

Source:

Marklund E, Leach S, Axelsson H, Nyström K, Norder H, Bemark M, et al. (2020) Serum-IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 after mild and severe COVID-19 infection and analysis of IgG non-responders. PLoS ONE 15(10): e0241104. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241104

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The Chromoscience uses AI-assisted tools to support the preparation and editing of science articles. Content is reviewed by the editor for clarity and consistency with the cited research before publication. Readers are encouraged to consult the original scientific publications for complete findings, methods, and limitations.

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