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• Studies have shown that gut microbiota can regulate tumor responsiveness to chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

• However, the mechanism of this regulation is not clear.

• Researchers found that metabolites from gut microbiota can increase the effectiveness of oxaliplatin by regulating CD8⁺ T cell function in the tumor microenvironment.

• Oxaliplatin is a drug used to treat colon and rectal cancer.[1]

• Butyrate is one of the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota.

• Butyrate treatment improved the antitumor responses of cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cell by promoting the IL-12 signaling pathway.

• IL-12 signaling pathway is associated with the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses.

• Cancer patients that responded to oxaliplatin showed higher level of serum butyrate.

• High level of serum butyrate can improve ID2 expression and CD8⁺ T cell function.

• The results suggest that butyrate produced by gut microbiota can improve antitumor responses of CD8⁺ T cells.

Sources:

He, Y., Fu, L., Li, Y., Wang, W., Gong, M., Zhang, J., Dong, X., Huang, J., Wang, Q., Mackay, C. R., Fu, Y. X., Chen, Y., & Guo, X. (2021). Gut microbial metabolites facilitate anticancer therapy efficacy by modulating cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cell immunity. Cell metabolism, S1550-4131(21)00109-1. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.002

[1] https://www.drugs.com/mtm/oxaliplatin.html

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